AKTU Natural Language Processing (BOE089) Question Paper 2025-26

Note: Attempt all Sections. In case of any missing data; choose suitably.

Section A

Q1. Attempt all questions in brief · 2 × 7 = 14 marks

1. What is Natural Language Understanding? Write its key components.
2. Write any four applications of Natural Language Processing.
3. What do you mean by lexical and syntactic analysis?
4. What are knowledge representations in NLU? Give one example.
5. What is the role of grammar in sentence structure?
6. What are the metrics used for evaluating language understanding systems?
7. Discuss the role of semantic analysis in language understanding.

Section B

Q2. Attempt any three of the following · 7 × 3 = 21 marks

1. Discuss about the various approaches to knowledge representation in AI. Write their advantages and limitations.
2. Discuss the role of semantic analysis in machine translation. How does semantic ambiguity affect translation quality? Explain with example.
3. Discuss about the syntax and semantics in NLP. Why is semantic understanding essential beyond syntactic parsing?
4. Explain how knowledge representation techniques are used in database interfaces.
5. Discuss the challenges in semantic interpretation and knowledge representation in NLP systems.

Section C

Q3

Attempt any one part of the following · 7 × 1 = 7 marks

1. Discuss and Compare Top-Down and Bottom-Up parsing techniques. Explain with an example.
2. Explain the Transition Network Grammars. How do they differ from traditional context-free grammars?

Q4

Attempt any one part of the following · 7 × 1 = 7 marks

1. Discuss about the role of morphological analysis and lexicon in Feature Systems and Augmented Grammars.
2. Explain the role of auxiliary verbs and verb phrases in English grammar. How are they represented in natural language grammars?

Q5

Attempt any one part of the following · 7 × 1 = 7 marks

1. Discuss the movement phenomenon in natural language. How do these transformations affect sentence structure?
2. Discuss the concepts of encoding uncertainty in parsing. Compare probabilistic and deterministic parsing also write their advantages and limitations.

Q6

Attempt any one part of the following · 7 × 1 = 7 marks

1. Explain the concept of ambiguity in natural language processing. Discuss about the different types of ambiguity.
2. Discuss the fundamentals of probabilistic language processing. How are probabilities estimated in NLP?

Q7

Attempt any one part of the following · 7 × 1 = 7 marks

1. Discuss the process of Part-of-Speech tagging. How are lexical probabilities obtained and used in probabilistic tagging models?
2. Explain Probabilistic Context-Free Grammars (PCFGs). Discuss the role of Best-First Parsing in selecting the most likely parse.

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